Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Ginsenoside metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol promotes neural stem cell transition from a state of proliferation to differentiation by inducing autophagy and cell cycle arrest

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11081

Figure Lengend Snippet: PPD promotes NSC differentiation by inducing autophagy. (A) NSCs were treated with 20 µM PPD for 24, 48 or 72 h. The indicated protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. (B) Expression of tubulin-β3 (neuronal marker) was significantly increased in NSCs following treatment with 20 µM PPD. (C) In total, 20 µM PPD treatment for 48 h significantly increased the expression of LC3II compared with the respective control group, (D) p62 expression, which serves as another indicator of autophagy, was increased at 24 h in the PPD treatment group, which was significantly earlier than that at 48 h in the control group. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. DMSO group. LC3, light chain 3; PPD, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, cells were incubated with the following primary antibodies overnight at 4°C: Mouse monoclonal anti-BrdU (1:100; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA; cat. no. NA61), Rabbit monoclonal anti-tubulin-β3 (1:100; Abcam; cat. no. ab18207) and Rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3 (1:100; Bioworld Technology, Inc.; cat. no. AP0762).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Marker

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Ginsenoside metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol promotes neural stem cell transition from a state of proliferation to differentiation by inducing autophagy and cell cycle arrest

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11081

Figure Lengend Snippet: LC3 punctae formation and autophagic vacuoles. (A) Immunofluorescence images of autophagy following treatment with 20 µM PPD, as indicated by LC3 immunostaining (scale bar, 100 µm). (B) The percentage of cells with LC3 punctate. (C) Transmission electron microscopy images displayed autophagosome formation in NSCs following treatment with 20 µM PPD for 72 h, the arrows indicate autophagic vacuoles. scale bar, 2 µm. (D) The percentage of autophagic vacuoles area in each per field. *P<0.05 vs. the DMSO group. LC3, light chain 3; PD, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, cells were incubated with the following primary antibodies overnight at 4°C: Mouse monoclonal anti-BrdU (1:100; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA; cat. no. NA61), Rabbit monoclonal anti-tubulin-β3 (1:100; Abcam; cat. no. ab18207) and Rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3 (1:100; Bioworld Technology, Inc.; cat. no. AP0762).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Immunostaining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy